Manual instruments for root canal negotiation and glide path preparation – contemporary aspects

Abstract

Root canal negotiation to the full working length and glide path (GP) preparation prior to mechanical root canal instrumentation reduce the risk of procedural errors and contribute significantly to the success of endodontic therapy. The aim of this narrative review was to critically analyze currently available stainless-steel manual instruments used for root canal negotiation and GP preparation, with an emphasis on their design characteristics, mechanical behavior, and clinical applicability. The manuscript describes instruments manufactured from conventional stainless steel and stainless-steel alloys modified by specific heat treatments to improve their mechanical properties. The cross-sectional geometry and tip design of the instruments were analyzed to provide deeper insight into the effect of these parameters on apical patency and overall instrument reliability during clinical use. The potential advantages and limitations of the analyzed instruments are discussed, along with recommendations for their selection in specific clinical situations, depending on the complexity of the root canal system.

Keywords: manual stainless-steel instruments; initial canal negotiation; glide path; endodontics